Showing posts with label Maths Problem. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Maths Problem. Show all posts

Friday, October 10, 2014

France Team Selection Test 2014: Number Theory P3

ប្រធានលំហាត់៖
ស្រាយបញ្ជាក់ថា មានចំនួនគត់វិជ្ជមាន $n$ ច្រើនរាប់មិនអស់  ដើម្បីឲ្យតួចែកបឋមធំបំផុតរបស់ $n^4+n^2+1$ ស្មើនឹងតួចែកបឋមធំបំផុតរបស់ $(n+1)^4+(n+1)^2+1$.

ដំណោះស្រាយ
+ យើងមានៈ $k^4+k^2+1=(k^2+k+1)(k^2+1-k)$ ចំពោះ $k$ ជាចំនួនគត់
ទាញបានៈ
$.n^4+n^2+1=(n^2+n+1)(n^2-n+1)\\ .(n+1)^4+(n+1)^2+1=\left[(n+1)^2+(n+1)+1\right]\left[(n+1)^2-(n+1)+1\right]\\=\left(n^2+3n+3\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)$
+ យើងនឹងស្រាយថាៈ $\left(n^2+3n+3,n^2+1-n\right)=1$
តាង $\left(n^2+3n+3,\ n^2-n+1\right)=d$
$\Rightarrow\ d|2n+4\ \Rightarrow\ d|n+2\ \Leftrightarrow\ d|(n+2)(n+1)=n^2+3n+2\ \Rightarrow\ d|1\ \Rightarrow\ d=1\\ \Rightarrow\ \left(n^4+n^2+1,\ (n+1)^4+(n+1)^2+1\right)=n^2+n+1$
បញ្ហាត្រូវបានស្រាយបញ្ជាក់។
ដូចនេះ មានចំនួនគត់វិជ្ជមាន $n$ ច្រើនរាប់មិនអស់។

Monday, May 26, 2014

Maths Exercise #42: Inequality fro Balkan MO 2014

ប្រធានលំហាត់៖
គេឲ្យ $x,\ y$ និង $z$ ជាចំនួនពិតវិជ្ជមានបី ផ្ទៀងផ្ទាត់ $xy+yz+zx=3xyz$។
បង្ហាញថាៈ  $x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge 2(x+y+z)-3$ ហើយសមភាពកើតមាននៅពេលណា?

ដំណោះស្រាយ
លក្ខខណ្ឌដែលឲ្យអាចសរសេរជា $\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=3$
តាមនេះ, យើងបានៈ
\[ x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-2(x+y+z)+3=x^2y-2x+\frac{1}{y}+y^2z-2y+\frac{1}{z}+z^2x-2x+\frac{1}{x}\\=y\left(x-\frac{1}{y}\right)^2+z\left(y-\frac{1}{z}\right)^2+x\left(z-\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\ge 0\]
វិសមភាពកើតមានលុះត្រាតែ $xy=yz=zx=1$ រឺនៅពេល $x=y=z=1$


Thursday, May 22, 2014

Maths Exercise #40: Inequality in 2010 version ^_^

ប្រធានលំហាត់៖

ដំណោះស្រាយ
យើងមានៈ
$\frac{1}{x_1+2010}+\frac{1}{x_2+2010}+\frac{1}{x_3+2010}+\frac{1}{x_4+2010}+\frac{1}{x_5+2010}=\frac{1}{2010}\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{x_2+2010}+\frac{1}{x_3+2010}+\frac{1}{x_4+2010}+\frac{1}{x_5+2010}=\frac{1}{2010}-\frac{1}{x_1+2010}=\frac{x_1}{(x_1+2010).2010}$

អនុវត្តន៍វិសមភាពកូស៊ី, យើងបានៈ
$\frac{1}{x_2+2010}+\frac{1}{x_3+2010}+\frac{1}{x_4+2010}+\frac{1}{x_5+2010}\ge\\ 4\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x_2+2010}.\frac{1}{x_3+2010}.\frac{1}{x_4+2010}.\frac{1}{x_5+2010}}$

ពេលនោះ យើងបានៈ
$\frac{x_1}{(x_1+2010).2010}\ge 4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x_2+2010}.\frac{1}{x_3+2010}.\frac{1}{x_4+2010}.\frac{1}{x_5+2010}}\quad (1)$

ធ្វើដូចគ្នាដែរ យើងបានៈ
$\frac{x_2}{(x_2+2010).2010}\ge 4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x_1+2010}.\frac{1}{x_3+2010}.\frac{1}{x_4+2010}.\frac{1}{x_5+2010}}\quad (2)\\ \frac{x_3}{(x_3+2010).2010}\ge 4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x_1+2010}.\frac{1}{x_2+2010}.\frac{1}{x_4+2010}.\frac{1}{x_5+2010}}\quad (3)\\ \frac{x_4}{(x_4+2010).2010}\ge 4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x_1+2010}.\frac{1}{x_2+2010}.\frac{1}{x_3+2010}.\frac{1}{x_5+2010}}\quad (4)\\ \frac{x_5}{(x_5+2010).2010}\ge 4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x_1+2010}.\frac{1}{x_2+2010}.\frac{1}{x_3+2010}.\frac{1}{x_4+2010}}\quad (5)$

យក $(1)\times(2)\times(3)\times(4)\times(5)$ អង្គនឹងអង្គ យើងបានៈ
$\frac{x_1.x_2.x_3.x_4.x_5}{(x_1+2010)(x_2+2010)(x_3+2010)(x_4+2010)(x_5+2010).2010^5}\\ \ge4^5.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{(x_1+2010)^4}.\frac{1}{(x_2+2010)^4}.\frac{1}{(x_3+2010)^4}.\frac{1}{(x_4+2010)^4}.\frac{1}{(x_5+2010)^4}}\\ \Leftrightarrow x_1.x_2.x_3.x_4.x_5\ge 2010^5.4^5$

ដូចនេះ  $\sqrt[5]{x_1.x_2.x_3.x_4.x_5}\ge 8040$
សញ្ញា $"="$ កើតមានពេលៈ $x_1=x_2=x_3=x_4=x_5=8040$

មើលដំណោះស្រាយរបស់ប្អូន Punrong Rany តាមតំនភ្ជាប់ខាងក្រោម៖
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